As the classic drugs for treatment of atherosclerosis, statins’ cholesterol-independent or pleiotropic effects are attracting more and more attention. Recent experimental and clinical studies have indicated the close relationship between Rho kinase and the pleiotropic effects of statins. Moreover, many studies abroad have suggested that the inhibition of Rho kinase could be a promising target for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. In this review, we will summarize the structure and activation of the Rho kinase, discuss the relationship between Rho kinase and atherosclerosis, and illustrate the Evidence-Based evidences and mechanisms of statins’ inhibition of Rho kinase, meanwhile, this article will also prospect the therapeutic potential of Rho kinase in the treatment of atherosclerosis and vascular disease in future.