Aim To investigate the effect of the caveolin-1 on the expression of interleukin-10（IL-10） and interleukin-6（IL-6） in rabbit carotid artery anastomotic stoma. Methods 32 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into sham operation group, operation group, empty vector group and caveolin-1 transfected group. The rest specimens were taken for HE staining at 7 d and 28 d, which were used to observe the proliferation of intima, and the ratio of intima/media area was measured by Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software;Real time PCR was used to detect the mRNA, and immunohistochemistry was used to assay the expression of protein. Results Anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 were increased by carotid artery end-to-end-intestinal anastomosis. Local transfected caveolin-1 plasmid can increase the expression of caveolin-1 mRNA in rabbit carotid artery anastomotic stoma. Compared with other groups, the mRNA and protein of IL-10 were increased in caveolin-1 transfected group. However, IL-6, a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine, was decreased in caveolin-1 transfected group. Conclusion Caveolin-1 promotes anti-inflammatory factor in the balance between the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in rabbit carotid artery anastomotic stoma.