Aim To investigate the association of the level of adiponectin （ANP）and its gene SNP+276 polymorphism with the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and those people complicated with carotid intima media thickness（IMT） in Yanbian district . Methods Only depth-endogamy were selected in this study. All participants come from Yanbian,Jilin province after excluding coronary heart disease, liver and kidney disease, malignant tumors and immune system diseases. The subjects were divided into normal control group and T2DM group. T2DM group consisted of the Han nationality and the Korean nationality, and T2DM group was also divided into carotid atherosclerosis group （including GG genotype group, GT genotype group and TT genotype group） and group without carotid atherosclerosis. The genotype was confirmed by using Taqman probe. Results There was significant difference in the distribution of adiponectin gene SNP+276T/G polymorphism between the normal control group and T2DM group. In the T2DM group,there was no significant difference in the distribution of adiponectin gene SNP+276 T/G polymorphism between the Han and Korea nationality. There was no significant difference in the distribution of adiponectin gene SNP+276 T/G polymorphism between the T2DM patients with and without carotid atherosclerosis. There was significant difference in the level of adiponectin between the T2DM patients with and without carotid atherosclerosis. Among T2DM carotid atherosclerosis group, there was significant difference in the age, course of disease, carotid IMT and the level of adiponectin between the GG genotype group and TT genotype group. Conclusion Adiponectin gene SNP+276 T/G is correlated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Yanbian district. There in no correlation between adiponectin gene SNP+276 T/G and T2DM patients with carotid IMT in Yanbian district. The level of adiponectin is correlated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and carotid IMT. Adiponectin is a protective factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus and carotid IMT. G allelomorphic gene maybe is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus and carotid IMT.