Aim To analyze the difference of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection in five types of atrial fibrillation (AF) and to explore the correlation between Hp infection and the different types of AF.Methods According to the 2010 ESC guidelines, AF was divided into five types: initial AF, paroxysmal AF, persistent AF, long persistent AF and permanent AF. 285 cases of hospitalized AF patients were enrolled with a retrospective analysis from January 1, 2007 to April 12, 2013. All patients were taken the examination of plasma antibody of Hp (IgG), ¹³C urea breath test, blood routine, blood biochemistry, high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), left atrial diameter (LAD), urinary microalbumin (UMA), glycosylated hemoglobin and plasma homocysteine (Hcy). We analyzed the difference of Hp infection, hs-CRP level, LAD and other indicators in five types of AF. According to the time of occurrence, AF were divided into two groups: less than one year of AF (Group one: including initial AF, paroxysmal AF and persistent AF) and more than one year of AF (Group two: including long persistent AF and permanent AF). Then, we explored the correlation between Hp infection and AF by the Logistic regression analysis.Results The value of ¹³C urea breath test, hs-CRP and LAD in Group one were significantly different with that in Group two (P<0.05). Hp≥4‰, hs-CRP>5 mg/L and LAD>36 mm were sensitive index of AF patients more than one year.Conclusion The value of ¹³C urea breath test, hs-CRP and LAD in patients with AF sustained over one year were significantly higher than that in patients with AF sustained in one year. Hp≥4‰, hs-CRP>5 mg/L and LAD>36 mm were closely related to AF sustained more than one year.