Aim To study the protective effect of Dl-n-butylphthalide on neurovascular unit in rats following chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Methods Forty-eight Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham group,hypoperfusion model group and butylphthalide group.In the rats assigned to the ischemic model group and butylphthalide group,the bilateral common carotid arteries were ligated.The ultrastructure change on neurovascular unit was evaluated by electron microscopy. Results Compared with hypoperfusion model group,butylphthalide has a protective role of neurovascular unit in decreasing endothelial cells edema,reducing neuronal mitochondrial crista fragmentation.Butylphthalide can reduce the neurovascular unit micro environment disturbance. Conclusion Treatment with butyphthalide improved the neurovascular unit of hypoperfused rats.