Aim To observe the protective effect of pioglitazone (PIO) on myocardial cell membrane in hyperlipemia rats with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. Methods Establish hyperlipemia rat model and conduct intragastric administration with PIO. 4 weeks later, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion model was made on the basis of hyperlipemia. Then the myocardial cell membrane was separated through low temperature and high speed centrifugal preparation and the level of cholesterol(C), phospholipid (P) and the value of C/P and the activity of phospholipase A₂(PLA₂), the Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase, Mg²⁺-ATPase and Ca²⁺-ATPase were detected. Results ① At the end of the 4^th week, the levels of serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) were significantly higher in hyperlipemia group than in control group (P＜0.05). At the 8^th week, the levels of serum TG,TC were significantly lower in HL+PIO group than in HL group(P＜0.01 and P＜0.05). ② Myocardial membrane phospholipids in HL group were lower than in control group and HL+PIO group (P＜0.01 and P＜0.05). ③ The values of C/P in HL group were higher than in control group (P＜0.01) and HL+PIO group (P＜0.01). ④ The activity of PLA₂ were higher in HL group(P＜0.05)and HL+PIO group(P＜0.05) than in control group. ⑤ Compared with the control group, the activity of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase in HL group and Mg²⁺-ATPase in HL+PIO group differed respectively. Conclusion Pioglitazone protected myocardial cell membrane through maintaining the value of C/P, the activity of PLA₂ and the activity of ion pump.