Aim To investigate the relationship between periostin (PN) level and cardiac function, short-term prognosis in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEAMI) by detecting the levels of PN in patients with STEAMI and non coronary heart disease. Methods From May 2014 to September 4,0 patients with STEAMI who were admitted to the hospital and treated with coronary artery intervention were served as observation group, 36 patients with non coronary heart disease were served as control group. Plasma PN levels and other indicators were detected in the two groups. Patients in the observation group were followed up for 6 months for clinical endpoint events. Data were collected for statistical analysis. Results The PN level in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group (45.43±40.10 mg/L vs 10.25±11.64 mg/L, P＜0.0001). The PN level in observation group was positively correlated with Killip classification (r＝0.531, P＜0.0001) and negatively correlated with LVEF (r＝－0.342, P＜0.05). After 6 months follow-up, the PN level in observation group was positively correlated with the incidences of unstable angina, heart failure, and complex clinical endpoint events (all P＜0.05). Conclusion STEAMI patients with high PN level may indicate a worse left ventricular systolic function, and are more likely to have adverse cardiovascular events within six months after myocardial infarction.