Aim To observe the changes of intraarterial oxidative stress markers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combined with arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) before and after treatment of lower extremity arteries, and to investigate the effect of oxidative stress in patients with T2DM combined with ASO and the effect of interventional therapy on intraarterial oxidative stress markers. Methods Thirty patients with T2DM complicated with subendocardial artery (tibiofibular artery) who underwent interventional therapy were enrolled in the study. All patients underwent lower extremity digital subtraction angiography (DSA), some patients also underwent percutaneoius transluminal angioplasty (PTA). 14 patients were treated with DSA alone (control group), and 16 patients in DSA+PTA (treatment group). In the control group and the treatment group, routine examinations were performed before interventional operation, and venous blood was taken to measure blood lipid, hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) and oxidative stress markers, including serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the lipid peroxides final product malondialdehyde (MDA). The control group and the treatment group were also required to take 3 mL of the arterial blood before the intervention. In addition, the arterial blood of the treatment group was taken before and after PTA in the same part of the distal artery of the ischemic artery. SOD, MDA levels were measured in the above samples. Results There was no obvious stenosis in the arteriography of the lower extremity in the control group. Preoperative SOD level in arterial and venous blood was lower in the treatment group than that in the control group, MDA level was higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the levels of SOD and MDA between venous blood and arterial blood before the intervention in the control group and the treatment group(P＞0.05). The SOD level of the treatment group was lower in the ischemic area before the intervention than that of the arterial blood(P＜0.05), but the MDA level was higher (P＜0.05). The SOD level of the treatment group were lower in the ischemic area after intervention than that of the ischemic area and the arterial blood before intervention(P＜0.05), but the MDA level was higher(P＜0.05). Conclusion The use of antioxidation stress drugs before and after intervention may improve the long-term prognosis of treatment and reduce the incidence of restenosis.