Too high level of plasma phytosterols can increase the risk of arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Because of the mutation of ATP binding cassette transporter G5/G8, the level of phytosterol in the blood circulation of patients with phytosterolemia is 30-100 times higher than that of normal people, and they will suffer from atherosclerosis at an early age. Besides, phytosterolemia usually has diseases of the blood system, so it is necessary to take proper treatment intervention as soon as possible. Patients with phytosterolemia also have very high levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol and multisite xanthoma in early childhood, so attention should be paid to differential diagnosis. Dietary control and ezetimibe are effective ways to treat phytosteroidemia.