S100A8 and S100A9, as endogenous risk-associated molecular patterns, recognize Toll-like receptor 4 and advanced glycation end product receptors, participate in immune response, change endothelial permeability and promote inflammation within the plaque, which affects the development of atherosclerosis. In addition, the elevated plasma levels of S100A8 and S100A9 are associated with an increased risk of future cardiovascular events. This article reviews the research status of S100A8 and S100A9 and their application prospects in the prevention, treatment and prognosis evaluation with coronary heart disease.