The incidence rate and mortality of cardiovascular disease are increasing. Myocardial ischemia and myocardial infarction are the main causes. Cardiopulmonary endurance reflects the fitness of cardiopulmonary function and the tolerance to maximum exercise intensity. Cardiopulmonary endurance is one of the five vital signs of human body, which can be used to evaluate the risk of cardiovascular disease. Cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), as a new objective noninvasive detection technology of cardiopulmonary integration, can predict the potential pathophysiological changes of patients earlier. The data interpretation of CPET is relatively complex and not widely used, so it has great potential in clinical application. At present, CPET application fields include disease diagnosis, condition and prognosis risk assessment, exercise prescription formulation and so on. It is in line with the mainstream of cardiac rehabilitation to evaluate and diagnose the early risk of cardiovascular disease with CPET.