Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by lipid deposition in the arterial vessel wall, in which both innate and adaptive immune cells are involved in the disease process and play different roles. Metabolic reprogramming of these immune cells modulates disease progression by modulating immune cell phenotype and function. This article reviews the metabolic pathway changes of major immune cells associated with the course of atherosclerosis, and summarizes the types and mechanisms of metabolic reprogramming among these immune cells.