Aim To explore the relationship between free fatty acids and atherosclerosis disease in diabetic rats.Methods The models of diabetic rats were made by injecting streptozocin into rat's abdomen.Wistar rats were divided into four groups: three diabetic groups and one control group.At one month,the third month and the fifth month, the rats'arterys were collected as experimental material to observe atherosclerosis and to exame the expression of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factorαby using immunohistochemistry method,at the same time,plasma free fatty acids,cholesterol,triglyeride,hight-density lipoprotein,low-density lipoprotein,plasma glucose were examined.Results Plasma glucose, free fatty acids,triglyeride,and cholesterol level in diabetic group were higher than that in the control group and the concentration of nitric oxide in diabetes were lower than that of normal rats.Conclusions The diabetic rats model which only have hyperglycemia have atherosclerotic disease.Increase of free fatty acids may be a risk factor of atherosclerosis disease in diabetic rats.