Aim To observe the effect of Berberine on the levels of endothelium-1 (ET-1), nitric oxide (NO) platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), transfer growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and intima hyperplasia and vascular remodeling after balloon withdrawal injury of rabbit carotid artery, and to evaluate its mechanism. Methods Fourty Japanese rabbits were allocated randomly into 4 groups: artificial group( n = 7), model group( n = 11), berberine group ( n = 11) and simvastatin group( n = 11). The balloon endothelium denud-ation were made in carotid artery of all rabbits of the later three groups in the condition of anesthesia, and they were injected respectively with 0.9% sodium chloride, berberine and simvastatin liquid (2.5 mg/kg everyday) . After 15 days, the levels of ET- 1, NO and PDGF, TGF-β1 of all groups were detected; at the same time, we observed the morphologic change of injured artery and took photos, and intimal thickness (IT), intimal area(IA), luminal area (LA), internal elastic lamina (IEL), medial area (MA) and external elastic lamina (EEL) of all groups were measured with the system of computer photo analysis, IA/MA and intima hyperplasia index(IHI)were computed. Results The concentration of NO of berberine group (65 ±13) were increased significantly compared with model group (32 ± 13) and simvastatin group (40 ± 16) ( P < 0. 01); the levels of ET - 1 and PDGF, TGF-β1 of berberine group( 58 ± 11,145 ± 12,163 ± 33) were markedly decreased compared with model group (91 ± 16,183 ±33,210 ±28) (p<0.01). IT, IA, IA/MA and IHI of berberine group(32.91±4.20,10.22 ± 1.91,0.31 ±0.06,19.51± 3.48) were decreased significantly than model group (59.54± 7.17,18.66 ± 4.57, 0.62±0. 14, 28.32±4.25)but higher than artificial group(14.11 ± 2.95,2.73 ± 0.35,0.10 ± 0.03, 9.22 ± 0.87) ( P < 0.01); and LA, IEL, EEL of berberine group (48.56±4.71, 59.45±2.42, 91.12 ±7.19) were increased deadly than model group (27. 33 ±3.47, 45.82±4.65, 75.75±1.05) and artificial group(35.08 ± 8.00, 37.14±3.25, 68.38 ± 3.30) (P < 0.01), but MA of 4 groups have no marketable change ( P > 0.05). Conclusion Berberine can increase the levels of NO, decrease the concentration of ET-1, PDGF, TGF-β1; and make LA, IEL, EEL enlarged but IT, IA, IA/MA, IHI reduced; which can be the possible mechanism that inhibits intima hyperplasia and vascular remodeling.