Aim To investigate the characteristic and the possible mechanism of vascular remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR) and effect of Fufang Danshen Diwan, when Fufang Danshen Diwan was taken on early stage for long time. Methods Forty-eight ten-week-old SHR were randomly divided into six groups: the control group before treatment (n=8), the negative group (n=8) which were fed with 0.9% sodium chloride for 8 weeks, the amlodipine treatment group (n=8) which were fed with amlodipine for 8 weeks, Fufang Danshen Diwan later treatment group (n=8) which were fed with amlodipine for 8 weeks and then added with Fufang Danshen Diwan for 8 weeks again, Fufang Danshen Diwan early treatment group (n=8) which were fed with amlodipine and Fufang Danshen Diwan for 8 weeks, Fufang Danshen Diwan long-term treatment group (n=8) which were fed with amlodipine and Fufang Danshen Diwan for 16 weeks and then were executed. All the rats were taken blood pressure before they were executed, and then vascular wall of thoracic aorta were taken out, then the wall thickness (WT) and growth rate of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC), the expression of matrix metallopro-teinase-2 (MMP-2), endothelin-1 (ET-1) and laminin (LN) were observed. Results Compared with Fufang Danshen Diwan early treatment group, the VSMC growth rate of Fufang Danshen Diwan long-term treatment group descended obviously, nevertheless, that of Fufang Danshen Diwan later treatment group ascended significantly. Based on lowering blood pressure taking Fufang Danshen Diwan earlier and longer would descended the expression of MMP-2 and ET-1 and ascended the expression of LN, which occurred before VSMC growth rate changed. Conclusion Based on lowering blood pressure taking Fufang Danshen Diwan on early stage for long time would restrain vascular remodeling by altering biological effect (descended the expression of MMP-2 and ET-1, ascended the expression of LN), as well as mechanic effect (the growth rate of VSMC).