Aim To investigate whether the insertion/deletion(I/D) polymorphism in the angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) gene is associated with essential hypertension in Xinjiang Uyigur isolated population.Methods The study covered 361 hypertension patients and 400 normotensive controls,the variant of ACE I/D was determined by polymorphism chain reaction(PCR).Some biochemical index such as serum total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),glucose(GLU) and total bilirubin(TBIL) were also measured.Results Using logistic regression analysis,adjusted for age,sex,body mass index(BMI),waist circumference,hip circumference,intake of salt,GLU,TC,TG,there was a relationship between hypertension and ACE gene I/D polymorphism,and the parameter β is 0.246(P=0.0302).The odds ratio for hypertension of DD versus II homozygote individuals was 1.51(P=0.038).Conclusions The results suggest that the I/D polymorphism of ACE gene is associated with the hypertension in the Uyigur population of Xinjiang.And the DD genetype may be the risk factor of hypertension.