Aim To observe the changes of distribution of RhoA and phosphorylated RhoA kinase(ROCK) induced by advanced glycation end products(AGE) in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells(HMVEC-1). Methods Cultured HMVEC-1 were treated with AGE-modified human serum albumin(AGE-HSA).The distribution of RhoA and phospho-ROCK were detected by immunohistochemistry using anti-RhoA and anti-phospho-ROCK antibodies and observed under confocal microscope. Results The data revealed that RhoA located around the nucleus in quiescent HMVEC-1.The stimulation of AGE-HSA evoked an increased distribution of RhoA in cytoplasma,even an accumulation at the cellular edge.The administration of AGE-HSA also triggered a significant increase of phospho-ROCK localization in HMVEC-1 cytoplasma.The transfection of dominant negative RhoA N19 attenuated this AGE-induced phosphor-ROCK spreading while constitutive active RhoA L63 mimiced the AGE-induced response in phospho-ROCK distribution. Conclusion AGE stimulation causes the redistribution of RhoA and results in the phosphorylation of ROCK in human microvascular endothelial cells.