Aim To study the detection rate and influential factors of carotid artery and subclavian artery plaque in the elderly population. Methods Subjects with previous stroke, transient is-chemic attack （TIA）, myocardial infarction were excluded. A total of 5356 employees （including who were being employed and those who were retired from Tangshan Kailuan Company）who were beyond 40 years old were identified to take part in the study through stratified random sampling. All the information were obtained from the unified questionnaire,measures of blood biochemistry and cervicular vascular ultrasonography. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyse the fators affecting the carotid artery plaque. Results Studies population in the right carotid artery, right subclavian artery plaque detection rates were 29.6% and 31.4%. Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that male, age, systolic blood pressure（SBP）, total cholesterol （TC）, fasting blood glucose （FBG） and smoking were the risk factors of right carotid artery plaque, the odds ratios were 1.922, 2.541, 1.942, 1.326, 1.500, 1.231. Male, age, SBP, TC, FBG and smoking were the risk factors of right subclavian artery plaque, the odds ratios were 1.737,1.798,1.459,1.375,1.322,1.227. Conclusion In the elderly population, the right carotid artery and right subclavian artery plaque detection rates were 29.6% and 31.4%. The right carotid artery and the right subclavian artery plaque influence factors were sex, age, SBP, TC, FBG, smoking.