Aim To detect the distribution of cervicocerebral arteriostenosis and evaluate its risk factors. Methods A total of 131 patients with intracranial and extracranial arteriostenosis were examined with transcranial Doppler ultrasonography （TCD）. Potential risk factors for vascular disease in each patient were evaluated based on their medical history. Then the effects of related factors on arteriostenosis were probed. Results Intracranial arteriostenosis was found in 114 out of 131 patients（85.5%）, which was significantly higher than extracranial artery stenosis or occlusion（26/131, 19.8%, χ²118.790, P0.000）. The middle cerebral artery was affected in 84 patients（64.2%）, which is the most frequently affected artery, accounting for 52.7% in all stenotic arteries. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension, diabetes and smoking were independent factors significantly associated with cervicocerebral arteriostenosis. Conclusions Hypertension, diabetes and smoking were independent factors significantly associated with cervicocerebral arteriostenosis. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography should be performed in these patients routinely.