Aim To investigate the correlation between ankle brachial index （ABI）,brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity （BaPWV） and cardiac structure and function in patients with essential hypertension. Methods The study was performed on 151 hypertension patients who meet the criteria in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from August 2013 to October 2014. These selected patients were inquired for case history and given physical examination,the blood pressure,automatic arteriosclerosis tester（VP-1000）,cardiac ultrasound and blood biochemistry detection. According to the value of ABI and BaPWV,all patients were divided into two groups: low ABI group and normal ABI group,high BaPWV group and normal BaPWV group. Results （1） Interventricular septal thickness（IVST） in low ABI group was significantly higher than those in normal ABI group（P<0.05）. Compared with normal ABI group,left ventricular ejection fraction（LVEF） and blood flow peaks E and A ratio（E/A） in low ABI group were obviously reduced（P＜0.05） Left atrium diameter（LAD） and IVST in high BaPWV group were higher than those in normal BaPWV group（P<0.05）. LVEF in high BaPWV group was lower than those in normal BaPWV group （P<0.05）. （2）Correlation analysis revealed that there was negetive correlation between ABI and IVST（r＝－0.769,P<0.05）,positive correlation between ABI and LVEF,E/A（r 0.668,0.566,P<0.05）. There was positive correlation between BaPWV and LAD,IVST（r0.331,0.474,P<0.05），negative correlation between BaPWV and LVEF（r＝－0.526,P<0.05）. Conclusion There was a significant correlation between ABI,BaPWV and cardiac structure and function in patients with essential hypertention,which can provide information for clinical doctors,early intervention treatment.