Myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction are the vascular diseases that are currently and seriously endangering human health, and the mortality rate is the first cause of death. The development of thrombosis after atherosclerotic lesions is a common underlying process for a variety of progressive manifestations caused by cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular disease). For the drug treatment to patients with atherosclerosis, the antiplatelet therapy is deemed as the cornerstone. In the past two decades, significant progress has been achieved in antiplatelet drug therapy, especially for coronary artery disease patients. However, it is difficult to definitely determine the risks and benefits of antiplatelet drug combinations for coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular disease patients, since the risk of ischemia and hemorrhage incurred in patients with coronary artery disease is to be increased during the treatment. This article provides the current evidence for the forefront of antiplatelet therapy, and the progress of antiplatelet drugs for thrombosis events in two stage prevention of coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular disease on the basis of atherosclerotic lesions.