The lesion site of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is associated with chronic inflammatory cell infiltration, such as CD4＋ T lymphocytes, macrophages, and B lymphocytes. Activated B lymphocytes produce immunoglobulin, cytokines, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), which in turn leads to the activation of macrophages, mast cells (MC), and the complement pathway. These factors cause degradation of collagen and matrix proteins and remodeling of the aortic wall, eventually leading to the occurrence of AAA. The mechanism of B lymphocytes involvement in remodeling of the adventitia in AAA is not clear. This review summarizes the recent research progress on the role of B lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of AAA.