Aim To determine the prevalence of various body weight metabolic phenotypes in the young and middle-aged population, especially metabolic obesity normal weight (MONW) and metabolic healthy obesity (MHO), and investigate the demographic and behavioral factors related to each phenotype. Methods Taking 44 551 young and middle-aged (30~59 years old) physical examination population from the Health Management Center of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University as the research object, the population was divided into four phenotypes according to body weight and metabolic status:metabolic healthy normal weight (MHNW), MONW, MHO, and metabolic abnormal obesity (MAO). General data were collected, physical examination and biochemical index detection were performed; Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between lifestyle factors and MONW, MHO phenotypes.Results The prevalence of MHNW, MONW, MHO and MAO phenotypes in the young and middle-aged population were 58.0%, 6.4% (accounting for 10.0% of the normal population), 18.0% and 17.6%, respectively. The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for age and educational level, the MONW phenotype in man was positively correlated with smoking (OR=1.2,5%CI:1.02~1.24), drinking (OR=1.2,5%CI:1.11～1.35), was negatively correlated with healthy eating habits (OR=0.8,5%CI:0.80～0.98). The MONW phenotype in women was negatively correlated with medium and high physical exercise (OR=0.3,5%CI:0.73～0.93) and healthy eating habits (OR=0.0,5%CI:0.71～0.90). Conclusion Among the young and middle-aged population, the prevalence rate of MONW phenotype is 6.4%, which accounts for about 10.0% of the normal constitution population, and the prevalence rate of MHO phenotype is 18.0%, which accounts for about half of the obese population. Metabolic phenotypes have different clinical characteristics among young and middle-aged people of different genders. In order to prevent metabolic abnormalities in people with normal body mass, they should exercise more and eat a healthy diet, especially men who should quit smoking and alcohol.