Transcription factor EB(TFEB) is a member of the microphthalmia associated transcription factor family. It plays an important role in lipid metabolism and other biological processes by regulating the expression of autophagy and lysosomal related genes. The activity and cellular localization of TFEB can be regulated by posttranslational modifications of proteins. This paper discusses the mechanism of autophagy regulation by TFEB posttranslational modification, aiming to help understand the pathogenesis of related diseases caused by abnormal autophagy, and provides new ideas and feasible intervention targets for the prevention and treatment of corresponding diseases.