Endothelial cell senescence is increasingly recognized as an important factor in the development of vascular dysfunction and age-related diseases. As is well known, the occurrence of endothelial cell senescence involves multiple factors, and endothelial cell senescence and vascular dysfunction interact with each other. This review summarized the phenotypic changes of endothelial cell senescence, and reviewed the relationship between endothelial cell senescence and various vascular dysfunction, such as dysfunction of vascular relaxation and contraction, impaired vascular barrier function, and vasculitis. The aim is to provide reference for delaying human vascular aging and improving vascular function.