Atherosclerosis is a chronic vascular disease primarily affecting large and medium-sized arteries, involving multiple complex pathogenic factors. In recent years, numerous research trends in atherosclerosis, such as inflammation, gut microbiota, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, autophagy, cuproptosis, exosome and non-coding RNA have emerged.This article aims to review the recent advancements in these research directions, with the hope of opening new avenues for the mechanism of atherosclerosis and the treatment of diseases related to atherosclerosis.